ADDITION REACTIONS
Unsaturated compounds (alkenes, cycloalkenes, alkynes) undergo addition reactions.
This is when a double bound breaks, more atoms can add themselves to the original compound.
Addition Reaction Types
Hydrohalogenation · HCl, HBr, HI is ADDED to alkenes
· no water present
· haloalkane is formed
Halogenation · Cl2 or Br2 is ADDED to alkenes
· haloalkane is formed
Hydration · H20 is ADDED to alkenes
· alcohol is formed
Hydrogenation · H2 is added to alkenes or alkynes
ELIMINATION REACTIONS
Saturated compounds (haloakanes, alcohols, alkanes), due to their single bonds, undergo elimination reactions.
Elimination Reaction Types
Dehydrohalogenation · HCl, HBr is REMOVED from a haloalkane.
Dehydration of Alcohols · H20 is REMOVED from an alcohol
Cracking of Hydrocarbons · this is the breaking up of large hydrocarbons into smaller and more useful bits.
SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS
Interconversion between ALCOHOLS and HALOALKANES
· HCl and HBr is reacted with alcohols to produce haloalkanes.
· Bases are reacted with haloalkanes to produce alcohols
Haloalkanes from alkanes · Cl2 or Br2 is added to alkane in the presence of light or heat.